Right now, however, that’s not happening. To fight this, Schick says, multiple people need to be involved – technologists, the public, domain specific experts, policy officials, and lawmakers. “We are not ready for the age of synthetic media where even video becomes something that almost anybody can corrupt”. “This technology is out there and it is evolving at a rate that is much faster than society can keep up with,” she adds. “I see the evolution of deep fakes in the pornographic space as actually the harbinger of the bigger civil liberties issues that are going to emerge,” Schick says. However, while lawmakers fail to deal with the problem the technology is set to become cheaper and easier for all to use. O'Connell proposes that England adopts image rights laws so people can properly protect themselves. In the UK the Law Commission is conducting a review into the sharing on intimate images online, which includes deepfakes, but it is expected to take years until any changes can be made. Some deepfake laws have been passed in US states but these largely focus on politics and ignore the impact that deepfakes are already having on people’s lives. “We need more and better solutions now,” O'Connell says. However, most of these processes are onerous, resource-intensive and most often don’t apply to deepfakes. People can pursue non-consensual uploads for defamation, under human rights laws, copyright complaints and other forms. “I think we're going to be seeing it applied very soon with much larger intent to private individuals.” He believes when the technology is easy for anyone to use there will be a “tipping point” when lawmakers will become aware of the problems. “Some of this technology is improving so fast, because there's so much energy and drive, unfortunately, from the creators’ side,” Patrini says. Some videos state they were requested, while their creators say they can be paid in Bitcoin. One deepfake porn website is full of videos featuring celebrities and contains videos of Indian actresses that have been watched millions of times. The top four deepfake porn websites had received more than 134 million views last year, Sensity’s 2019 analysis shows. The majority of deepfake porn is found on, and created by, specific communities. By June this year the amount of deepfakes had climbed to 49,081. ![]() A report from Sensity released last year found 14,678 deepfake videos online in July 2019 – 96 per cent of these were porn and almost all are focussed on women. The amount of deepfakes online is growing exponentially. ![]() Read more: Deepfakes are already breaking democracy. “Content uploaded without necessary permission being obtained is in violation of our Terms of Use and will be removed once identified.” Hawkins adds that the dozens of videos appearing as deepfakes on xHamster, which were highlighted by WIRED, have been passed onto its moderation team to be reviewed.ĭeepfake upload figures seen WIRED did not include Pornhub, which is the second biggest porn website and despite banning deepfakes in 2018 still has problems with the videos. “We absolutely understand the concern around deepfakes, so we make it easy for it to be removed,” Hawkins says. There will probably never be a true picture of how many of these videos are created without people’s permission.ĭespite repeated attempts to contact representatives of XVideos and Xnxx, the owners did not answer requests for comment on their attitudes and policies towards deepfakes.Īlex Hawkins, VP of xHamster, says the company doesn’t have a specific policy for deepfakes but “treat it like any other non-consensual content.” Hawkins says that the company’s moderation process involves multiple different steps and it will remove videos if people’s images are used without permission. However, the full scale of the problem on porn websites is unknown. For instance, tag pages on XVideos and Xnxx list hundreds of the videos. Some videos include “fake” or “deepfake” in their titles and are tagged as being a deepfake. Many of the videos are hiding in plain sight – they’re uploaded to be watched, after all. “People will still be free to upload this type of material without any consequences to these websites that are viewed by hundreds of millions of people”. “Until there is a strong reason for them to try to take them down and to filter them, I strongly believe nothing is going to happen,” Patrini says.
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